Environmental Claims in Bankruptcy: It\u27s a Question of Priorities

This Comment evaluates the proper treatment of environmental claims in bankruptcy. It analyzes criteria that courts have established for characterizing environmental claims and for determining their priority in bankruptcy. It examines the relationships between the trustee\u27s abandonment power, the priority of environmental claims, and the determination of when a claim arises. The author suggests criteria for characterizing environmental claims and for determining their priority in bankruptcy, thus resolving conflicting case law and resulting in a uniform and consistent application of the Bankruptcy Code, environmental law, and Supreme Court precedent

Electronic Filing in North Carolina: Using the Internet instead of the Interstate

Traditionally, an attorney working down to the wire on an appellate brief has to be done by the courier service’s deadline. If the deadline is missed, the attorney must then race, for possibly hours, down the interstate to reach the courthouse in time. North Carolina has adopted a system that eliminates this pressure

An evalaution of BookTrust additional needs resources

This report explores reading for pleasure among children with special educational needs through an evaluation of BookTrust's additional needs resources.The BookTrus

The profile of people reporting with low back pain to a resource poor clinic in Cape Town

In order to provide targeted information regarding understanding and management of low back pain (LBP), it is necessary to understand the life situation of patients. The objective of this study was to develop a profile of patients with LBP seeking care in an under-resourced area of Cape Town.The subjects were all patients attending a community health centre with a primary diagnosis of LBP. A self-designed questionnaire was used to gather relevant information such as BMI, smoking, physical activities at home and work and potentially stressful life events. Questions about perceptions of LBP, the role of health personnel, income and employment were included. Subjects could also identify which information they would like to be given by their health care providers. Fifty subjects were interviewed, 74% were female. The mean ages were 50.7 years (SD 14.0) and 54.1 years (SD 15.1) for males and females respectively. There was a high prevalence of smoking and obesity, low levels of education, and many reported high stress levels. There were a high percentage of manual workers and the nature of their activities could put them at risk for development and exacerbation of LBP. Few people knew what to expect with regard to the likely outcome of their pain and the majority identified the need for communication about the duration, prognosis, implications and management of LBP. Conclusion: A profile developed of the typical LBP patient in this community provided valuable information, which can be utilized to develop appropriate intervention strategies

Preflight Adaptation Training for Spatial Orientation and Space Motion Sickness

Two part-task preflight adaptation trainers (PATs) are being developed at the NASA Johnson Space Center to preadapt astronauts to novel sensory stimulus conditions similar to those present in microgravity to facilitate adaptation to microgravity and readaptation to Earth. This activity is a major component of a general effort to develop countermeasures aimed at minimizing sensory and sensorimotor disturbances and Space Motion Sickness (SMS) associated with adaptation to microgravity and readaptation to Earth. Design principles for the development of the two trainers are discussed, along with a detailed description of both devices. In addition, a summary of four ground-based investigations using one of the trainers to determine the extent to which various novel sensory stimulus conditions produce changes in compensatory eye movement responses, postural equilibrium, motion sickness symptoms, and electrogastric responses are presented. Finally, a brief description of the general concept of dual-adopted states that underly the development of the PATs, and ongoing and future operational and basic research activities are presented

A qualitative comparison of care home staff and palliative care specialists’ experiences of providing end of life care to people living and dying with dementia in care homes in two countries: A focus group study

© The Author(s) 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0Background: Palliative care for people with dementia dying in care homes is an important aspect of long-term care. Whilst there is consensus about the principles of palliative care, less is known about how care home staff negotiate and influence decisions around end of life and how organisational context shapes that process. Aim: To explore the views and experiences of care home staff and palliative care specialists on end of life care in care homes and understand how care home settings affected palliative care provision in England and Australia. Design/participants: Eight focus groups in Australia and England with care home staff and palliative care specialists (n = 49). Reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken. Findings: Australian participants reported collaboration between care home staff, visiting professions and family members though case conferences. English participants discussed resident-focussed involvement from specialists that was less formally organised. Negotiating roles and responsibilities in end of life care; the importance of relationships to overcome deficiencies in formal processes; and the legitimacy and authority of advance care planning at times of crisis were recurring themes. The organisation and embedding of end of life care in processes and practices of care homes differed; this closely linked to care home procedures in Australia but was less apparent in England. Conclusion: In both countries, partnership working was recognised and valued as key to effective palliative care. Work that enables care home staff to identify challenges with visiting professionals, such as agreeing priorities for care and negotiating their shared responsibilities, may lead to context-sensitive, sustainable solutions.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

End-of-life care: Proactive clinical management of older Australians in the community

Background Due to the changing demographics of ageing and death in Australia, general practitioners (GPs) are caring for greater numbers of people with advanced chronic conditions that will soon lead to death. GPs play a pivotal role in proactively preparing these people for end of life. Objective This article introduces GPs to a framework of care, based on a palliative care approach, which supports proactive management of end-of-life care for older Australians living in the community. Discussion Embedding the above framework into routine practice can help GPs deliver care, aligned with patients’ preferences, at the right time and in the right place. Experience has shown that implementing proactive management of end-of-life care can increase satisfaction with GP care and help GPs meet the clinical, legal and ethical challenges associated with caring for older patients with advanced progressive conditions

Model Cards for Model Reporting

Trained machine learning models are increasingly used to perform high-impact tasks in areas such as law enforcement, medicine, education, and employment. In order to clarify the intended use cases of machine learning models and minimize their usage in contexts for which they are not well suited, we recommend that released models be accompanied by documentation detailing their performance characteristics. In this paper, we propose a framework that we call model cards, to encourage such transparent model reporting. Model cards are short documents accompanying trained machine learning models that provide benchmarked evaluation in a variety of conditions, such as across different cultural, demographic, or phenotypic groups (e.g., race, geographic location, sex, Fitzpatrick skin type) and intersectional groups (e.g., age and race, or sex and Fitzpatrick skin type) that are relevant to the intended application domains. Model cards also disclose the context in which models are intended to be used, details of the performance evaluation procedures, and other relevant information. While we focus primarily on human-centered machine learning models in the application fields of computer vision and natural language processing, this framework can be used to document any trained machine learning model. To solidify the concept, we provide cards for two supervised models: One trained to detect smiling faces in images, and one trained to detect toxic comments in text. We propose model cards as a step towards the responsible democratization of machine learning and related AI technology, increasing transparency into how well AI technology works. We hope this work encourages those releasing trained machine learning models to accompany model releases with similar detailed evaluation numbers and other relevant documentation

Development and Evaluation of Dollar Merchandise Management Learning Guides for the Small Apparel Retailers

Clothing, Textiles and Merchandisin